BOSEFRAME:重塑音频与时尚边界的智能眼镜
在科技日新月异的今天,智能穿戴设备已不再是一个新鲜词汇,它们正以千姿百态融入我们的生活,成为连接数字世界与现实世界的桥梁。在众多创新产品中,BOSEFRAME以其独特的设计理念、卓越的音质体验以及前沿的科技融合,成为了IT数码科技领域内一颗璀璨的新星。
一、设计美学:科技与时尚的完美碰撞
BOSEFRAME不仅仅是一款智能眼镜,更是一件精心雕琢的艺术品。其设计灵感源自对未来生活方式的深刻洞察,将极简主义与现代审美巧妙结合。轻盈的框架采用高品质材料,既保证了佩戴的舒适度,又不失时尚感。无论是商务会议还是休闲时光,BOSEFRAME都能成为佩戴者个性的最佳诠释,让人眼前一亮。镜片部分则提供了多种度数选择和变色功能,满足不同用户的视力需求及户外防护,让科技服务于生活的每一个细节。
二、音质革命:BOSE声学技术的极致展现
提及BOSE,无人不对其音质表现赞不绝口。BOSEFRAME更是将这一传统优势发挥到了极致。内置的微型扬声器采用BOSE独有的音频增强技术,能够在不影响外观紧凑性的前提下,提供层次分明、清晰细腻的音效体验。无论是沉浸在悠扬的音乐中,还是参与紧张的在线会议,BOSEFRAME都能确保声音的每一个细节都被精准还原,为用户带来身临其境的听觉享受。更为先进的是,BOSEFRAME还具备智能降噪功能,可根据环境噪音自动调节降噪等级,为用户营造一个安静的个人空间,享受纯粹的声音世界。
三、智能互联:无缝融入数字生活
作为智能穿戴设备,BOSEFRAME自然不会忽略与智能设备的无缝连接。通过蓝牙技术,用户可以轻松将BOSEFRAME与手机、平板等智能设备配对,实现音乐播放、接听电话、语音助手控制等功能。无论是控制家居设备,还是查询天气、设置提醒,只需简单口令,BOSEFRAME都能迅速响应,让生活更加便捷高效。此外,BOSEFRAME还支持语音助手唤醒,用户可以在不触碰设备的情况下完成操作,进一步提升了使用的便捷性和安全性。
四、续航无忧:持久陪伴每一刻
对于智能穿戴设备而言,续航能力往往是用户关注的焦点之一
全英的名人介绍
Albert Einstein (March 14, 1879 – April 18, 1955) was a German-born Jewish theoretical physicist of profound genius, who is widely regarded as the greatest scientist of the 20th century and one of the greatest scientists of all time. The undisputed "father of modern physics," he proposed the theory of relativity and also made major contributions to the development of quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, and cosmology. He was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect in 1905 (his "miracle year") and "for his services to Theoretical Physics."
After his general theory of relativity was formulated in November 1915, Einstein became world famous, an unusual achievement for a scientist. In his later years, his fame exceeded that of any other scientist in history. In popular culture, his name has become synonymous with great intelligence and even genius.
Einstein himself was deeply concerned with the social impact of scientific discovery. His reverence for all creation, his belief in the grandeur, beauty, and sublimity of the universe (the primary source of inspiration in science), his awe for the scheme that is manifested in the material universe—all of these show through in his work and philosophy.
Biography
Youth and college
Einstein was born at Ulm in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, about 100 km east of Stuttgart. His parents were Hermann Einstein, a featherbed salesman who later ran an electrochemical works, and Pauline, whose maiden name was Koch. They were married in Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt. The family was Jewish (non-observant); Albert attended a Catholic elementary school and, at the insistence of his mother, was given violin lessons.
At age five, his father showed him a pocket compass, and Einstein realized that something in "empty" space acted upon the needle; he would later describe the experience as one of the most revelatory of his life. Though he built models and mechanical devices for fun, he was considered a slow learner, possibly due to dyslexia, simple shyness, or the significantly rare and unusual structure of his brain (examined after his death). He later credited his development of the theory of relativity to this slowness, saying that by pondering space and time later than most children, he was able to apply a more developed intellect. Another, more recent, theory about his mental development is that he had Asperger's syndrome, a condition related to autism.
Einstein attended the Luitpold Gymnasium where he received a relatively progressive education. He began to learn mathematics around age twelve. There is a recurring rumor that he failed mathematics later in his education, but this is untrue; a change in the way grades were assigned caused confusion years later. Two of his uncles fostered his intellectual interests during his late childhood and early adolescence by suggesting and providing books on science, mathematics and philosophy.
In 1894, following the failure of Hermann's electrochemical business, the Einsteins moved from Munich to Pavia, Italy (near Milan). During this year, Einstein's first scientific work was written (called "The Investigation of the State of Aether in Magnetic Fields"). Albert remained behind in Munich lodgings to finish school, completing only one term before leaving the gymnasium in spring 1895 to rejoin his family in Pavia. He quit without telling his parents and a year and a half prior to final examinations, Einstein convinced the school to let him go with a medical note from a friendly doctor, but this meant he had no secondary-school certificate.
Despite excelling in the mathematics and science portion, his failure of the liberal arts portion of the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, in Zurich) entrance exam the following year was a setback; his family sent him to Aarau, Switzerland, to finish secondary school, where he received his diploma in September 1896. During this time he lodged with Professor Jost Winteler's family and became enamoured with Marie, their daughter, his first sweetheart. Albert's sister Maja was to later marry their son Paul, and his friend Michele Besso married their other daughter Anna. Einstein subsequently enrolled at the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule in October and moved to Zurich, while Marie moved to Olsberg for a teaching post. The same year, he renounced his Württemberg citizenship and became stateless.
In the spring of 1896, the Serbian Mileva Maric (an acquaintance of Nikola Tesla) started initially as a medical student at the University of Zurich, but after a term switched to the same section as Einstein as the only woman that year to study for the same diploma. Einstein's relationship with Mileva developed into romance over the next few years.
In 1900, he was granted a teaching diploma by the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH Zurich) and was accepted as a Swiss citizen in 1901. He kept his Swiss passport for his whole life. During this time Einstein discussed his scientific interests with a group of close friends, including Mileva. He and Mileva had an illegitimate daughter Lieserl, born in January 1902.
Work and doctorate
Upon graduation, Einstein could not find a teaching post, mostly because his brashness as a young man had apparently irritated most of his professors. The father of a classmate helped him obtain employment as a technical assistant examiner at the Swiss Patent Office [3] in 1902. There, Einstein judged the worth of inventors' patent applications for devices that required a knowledge of physics to understand. He also learned how to discern the essence of applications despite sometimes poor descriptions, and was taught by the director how "to express myself correctly". He occasionally rectified their design errors while evaluating the practicality of their work.
Einstein married Mileva Maric on January 6, 1903. Einstein's marriage to Maric, who was a mathematician, was both a personal and intellectual partnership: Einstein referred to Mileva as "a creature who is my equal and who is as strong and independent as I am". Ronald W. Clark, a biographer of Einstein, claimed that Einstein depended on the distance that existed in his and Mileva's marriage in order to have the solitude necessary to accomplish his work; he required intellectual isolation. Abram Joffe, a Soviet physicist who knew Einstein, in an obituary of Einstein, wrote, "The author of [the papers of 1905] was . a bureaucrat at the Patent Office in Bern, Einstein-Maric" and this has recently been taken as evidence of a collaborative relationship. However, according to Alberto A. Martínez of the Center for Einstein Studies at Boston University, Joffe only ascribed authorship to Einstein, as he believed that it was a Swiss custom at the time to append the spouse's last name to the husband's name. Whatever the truth, the extent of her influence on Einstein's work is a highly controversial and debated question.
On May 14, 1904, the couple's first son, Hans Albert Einstein, was born. In 1904, Einstein's position at the Swiss Patent Office was made permanent. He obtained his doctorate after submitting his thesis "A new determination of molecular dimensions" ("Eine neue Bestimmung der Moleküldimensionen") in 1905.
That same year, he wrote four articles that provided the foundation of modern physics, without much scientific literature to which he could refer or many scientific colleagues with whom he could discuss the theories. Most physicists agree that three of those papers (on Brownian motion, the photoelectric effect, and special relativity) deserved Nobel Prizes. Only the paper on the photoelectric effect would win one. This is ironic, not only because Einstein is far better-known for relativity, but also because the photoelectric effect is a quantum phenomenon, and Einstein became somewhat disenchanted with the path quantum theory would take. What makes these papers remarkable is that, in each case, Einstein boldly took an idea from theoretical physics to its logical consequences and managed to explain experimental results that had baffled scientists for decades.
Annus Mirabilis Papers
Einstein submitted the series of papers to the "Annalen der Physik". They are commonly referred to as the "Annus Mirabilis Papers" (from Annus mirabilis, Latin for 'year of wonders'). The International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) plans to commemorate the 100th year of the publication of Einstein's extensive work in 1905 as the 'World Year of Physics 2005'.
The first paper, named "On a Heuristic Viewpoint Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light", ("Über einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt") proposed the idea of "energy quanta" (which underlies the concept of what are now called photons) and showed how it could be used to explain such phenomena as the photoelectric effect. This paper was specifically cited for his Nobel Prize.
His second article in 1905, named "On the Motion—Required by the Molecular Kinetic Theory of Heat—of Small Particles Suspended in a Stationary Liquid", ("Über die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der Wärme geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Flüssigkeiten suspendierten Teilchen") covered his study of Brownian motion, and provided empirical evidence for the existence of atoms.
Einstein's third paper that year, "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" ("Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper"), was published on June 30, 1905. While developing this paper, Einstein wrote to Mileva about "our work on relative motion", and this has led some to ask whether Mileva played a part in its development. This paper introduced the special theory of relativity, a theory of time, distance, mass and energy which was consistent with electromagnetism, but omitted the force of gravity.
A fourth paper, "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content", ("Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig") published late in 1905, showed one further deduction from relativity's axioms, the famous equation that the energy of a body at rest (E) equals its mass (m) times the speed of light (c) squared.
Middle years
In 1906, Einstein was promoted to technical examiner second class. In 1908, Einstein was licensed in Bern, Switzerland, as a Privatdozent (unsalaried teacher at a university). Einstein's second son, Eduard, was born on July 28, 1910. In 1911, Einstein became first associate professor at the University of Zurich, and shortly afterwards full professor at the (German) University of Prague, only to return the following year to Zurich in order to become full professor at the ETH Zurich. At that time, he worked closely with the mathematician Marcel Grossmann. In 1912, Einstein started to refer to time as the fourth dimension.
In 1914, just before the start of World War I, Einstein settled in Berlin as professor at the local university and became a member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences. He took German citizenship. His pacifism and Jewish origins irritated German nationalists. After he became world-famous, nationalistic hatred of him grew and for the first time he was the subject of an organized campaign to discredit his theories. From 1914 to 1933, he served as director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics in Berlin, and it was during this time that he was awarded his Nobel Prize and made his most groundbreaking discoveries. He was also an extraordinary professor at the Leiden University from 1920 till officially 1946, where he regularly gave guest lectures.
Einstein divorced Mileva on February 14, 1919, and married his cousin Elsa Löwenthal (born Einstein: Löwenthal was the surname of her first husband, Max) on June 2, 1919. Elsa was Albert's first cousin (maternally) and his second cousin (paternally). She was three years older than Albert, and had nursed him to health after he had suffered a partial nervous breakdown combined with a severe stomach ailment; there were no children from this marriage. The fate of Albert and Mileva's first child, Lieserl, is unknown. Some believe she died in infancy, while others believe she was given out for adoption. They later had two sons: Eduard and Hans Albert. Eduard intended to practice as a Freudian analyst but was institutionalized for schizophrenia and died in an asylum. Hans Albert, his older brother, became a professor of hydraulic engineering at the University of California, Berkeley, having little interaction with his father.
General relativity
In November 1915, Einstein presented a series of lectures before the Prussian Academy of Sciences in which he described his theory of general relativity. The final lecture climaxed with his introduction of an equation that replaced Newton's law of gravity. This theory considered all observers to be equivalent, not only those moving at a uniform speed. In general relativity, gravity is no longer a force (as it is in Newton's law of gravity) but is a consequence of the curvature of space-time.
The theory provided the foundation for the study of cosmology and gave scientists the tools for understanding many features of the universe that were discovered well after Einstein's death. A truly revolutionary theory, general relativity has so far passed every test posed to it and has become a powerful tool used in the analysis of many subjects in physics.
Initially, scientists were skeptical because the theory was derived by mathematical reasoning and rational analysis, not by experiment or observation. But in 1919, predictions made using the theory were confirmed by Arthur Eddington's measurements (during a solar eclipse), of how much the light emanating from a star was bent by the Sun's gravity when it passed close to the Sun, an effect called gravitational lensing. On November 7, The Times reported the confirmation, cementing Einstein's fame.
Many scientists were still unconvinced for various reasons ranging from disagreement with Einstein's interpretation of the experiments, to not being able to tolerate the absence of an absolute frame of reference. In Einstein's view, many of them simply could not understand the mathematics involved. Einstein's public fame which followed the 1919 article created resentment among these scientists some of which lasted well into the 1930s.
In the early 1920s Einstein was the lead figure in a famous weekly physics colloquium at the University of Berlin. On March 30, 1921, Einstein went to New York to give a lecture on his new Theory of Relativity, the same year he was awarded the Nobel Prize. Though he is now most famous for his work on relativity, it was for his earlier work on the photoelectric effect that he was given the Prize, as his work on general relativity was still disputed. The Nobel committee decided that citing his less-contested theory in the Prize would gain more acceptance from the scientific community.
The "Copenhagen" interpretation
Einstein's relationship with quantum physics was quite remarkable. He was the first to say that quantum theory was revolutionary. His postulation that light can be described not only as a wave with no kinetic energy, but also as massless discrete packets of energy called quanta with measurable kinetic energy (now known as photons) marked a landmark break with the classical physics. In 1909 Einstein presented his first paper on the quantification of light to a gathering of physicists and told them that they must find some way to understand waves and particles together.
In the mid-1920s, as the original quantum theory was replaced with a new theory of quantum mechanics, Einstein balked at the Copenhagen interpretation of the new equations because it settled for a probabilistic, non-visualizable account of physical behaviour. Einstein agreed that the theory was the best available, but he looked for a more "complete" explanation, i.e., more deterministic. He could not abandon the belief that physics described the laws that govern "real things", the belief which had led to his successes with atoms, photons, and gravity.
In a 1926 letter to Max Born, Einstein made a remark that is now famous:
Quantum mechanics is certainly imposing. But an inner voice tells me it is not yet the real thing. The theory says a lot, but does not really bring us any closer to the secret of the Old One. I, at any rate, am convinced that He does not throw dice.
To this, Bohr, who sparred with Einstein on quantum theory, retorted, "Stop telling God what He must do!" The Bohr-Einstein debates on foundational aspects of quantum mechanics happened during the Solvay conferences.
Einstein was not rejecting probabilistic theories per se. Einstein himself was a great statistician, using statistical analysis in his works on Brownian motion and photoelectricity and in papers published before the miraculous year 1905; Einstein had even discovered Gibbs ensembles. However, he believed that, at the core, physical reality behaved deterministically. Many physicists argue that experimental evidence contradicting this belief was found much later with the discovery of Bell's Theorem and Bell's inequality. However, there is still space for lively discussions about the interpretation of quantum mechanics.
Bose-Einstein statistics
In 1924, Einstein received a short paper from a young Indian physicist named Satyendra Nath Bose describing light as a gas of photons and asking for Einstein's assistance in publication. Einstein realized that the same statistics could be applied to atoms, and published an article in German (then the lingua franca of physics) which described Bose's model and explained its implications. Bose-Einstein statistics now describe any assembly of these indistinguishable particles known as bosons. The Bose-Einstein condensate phenomenon was predicted in the 1920s by Bose and Einstein, based on Bose's work on the statistical mechanics of photons, which was then formalized and generalized by Einstein. The first such condensate was produced by Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman in 1995 at the University of Colorado at Boulder. Einstein's original sketches on this theory were recovered in August 2005 in the library of Leiden University (see website with original manuscript:
Einstein also assisted Erwin Schrödinger in the development of the quantum Boltzmann distribution, a mixed classical and quantum mechanical gas model although he realized that this was less significant than the Bose-Einstein model and declined to have his name included on the paper.
The Einstein refrigerator
Einstein and Szilárd's refrigerator patent diagram.Einstein and former student Leó Szilárd co-invented a unique type of refrigerator (usually called the Einstein refrigerator) in 1926. On November 11, 1930, U.S. Patent 1,781,541 was awarded to Albert Einstein and Leó Szilárd. The patent covered a thermodynamic refrigeration cycle providing cooling with no moving parts, at a constant pressure, with only heat as an input. The refrigeration cycle used ammonia, butane, and water.
World War II
After Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933, expressions of hatred for Einstein reached new levels. He was accused by the National Socialist regime of creating "Jewish physics" in contrast with Deutsche Physik—"German" or "Aryan physics". Nazi physicists (notably including the Nobel laureates Johannes Stark and Philipp Lenard) continued the attempts to discredit his theories and to blacklist politically those German physicists who taught them (such as Werner Heisenberg). Einstein renounced his German citizenship and fled to the United States, where he was given permanent residency. He accepted a position at the newly founded Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton
糖尿病是不是终身疾病
低热量饮食有望治愈Ⅱ型糖尿病译者: xlht 原作者:Sarah Boseley 发表时间:2011-06-24浏览量:3105评论数:2挑错数:0 英国人研究发现两个月的严苛节食可治愈Ⅱ型糖尿病,推翻了Ⅱ型糖尿病将持续终生的定论。近日有科学家报道罹患与肥胖相关的Ⅱ型糖尿病多年的患者通过严苛节食的方式暂时得到治愈。纽卡斯尔大学的科学家称该发现推翻了Ⅱ型糖尿病将持续终生的假定。
英国大约250万人被确诊为糖尿病,其中大部分为Ⅱ型糖尿病,该数据在全世界范围内还在持续增长。虽然其病情可通过药物和注射胰岛素进行控制,但还是会缩短患者的生命。
纽卡斯尔大学的研究成果尽管是小范围的,也充分证实了通过节食而非药物治愈糖尿病是完全可能的。
有11个英国糖尿病患者参加了该研究项目。他们必须在两个月之内将每日摄取的热量削减到600卡路里。三个月后,11人中的7人摆脱了糖尿病。
“让患病数年的糖尿病人痊愈是非凡的成就——所需的不过是八周的节食,”领导该研究的纽卡斯尔大学教授罗伊·泰勒说。“这彻底改变了人们对Ⅱ型糖尿病的看法,以及我们对新确诊病人解释该疾病的方式。长期以来人们一直认为Ⅱ型糖尿病患者将带病终身并持续恶化,我们证明可以改变这种情况。”
通常认为Ⅱ型糖尿病由过高的血糖引起,多发于成年人。不同于Ⅰ型糖尿病(通常发生于身体无法正常制造胰岛素以将食物中摄取的葡萄糖转化为能量的儿童),Ⅱ型糖尿病与肥胖有着密切的关系,需要每天注射胰岛素。
该研究在美国糖尿病协会会议上发表,研究表明严苛的低热量节食,包括减肥饮料和不含淀粉的蔬菜,可以促使身体排除那些阻碍胰脏产生胰岛素的脂肪。
志愿者受到医学小组的密切监管,并与相同人数未接受特殊节食治疗的糖尿病患者进行对照。研究开展仅一周后,研究组的早餐前血糖就回到了正常水平,且核磁共振扫描显示其胰脏脂肪也达到正常水平,胰脏恢复了制造的胰岛素能力。
八周的节食后,志愿者们恢复了正常的饮食,但建议采取健康的食物和食量。对该组中的十人重新进行了检查,七人康复。
纽卡斯尔核磁共振中心主任泰勒发现那些曾经因为肥胖而做过胃绑扎手术或其它形式的减肥手术的人糖尿病出现了好转,这引发他产生了进行该项研究的想法。“令人吃惊的是手术后仅一周糖尿病的症状就消失了,这让人确信是手术本身带来的效果,体内激素被认为是其直接原因。这一点几乎是公认的了。”
泰勒认为可能是术后摄入热量的大幅度下降促使病情好转,并为验证该假设进行了研究,包括对胰脏进行核磁共振扫描以观察脂肪沉积的变化。
“我们相信这表明Ⅱ型糖尿病与体内的能量平衡密切相关,”泰勒说。“如果你摄入的能量超出你所燃烧的,那么超出的部分会形成脂肪积存在肝脏和胰脏,对一些人来说就会导致Ⅱ型糖尿病。下一步我们要研究为什么某些人比其他人更易得糖尿病。
他警告说只有少数约5%~10%的人能够承受如此严苛的节食来摆脱糖尿病。但即使如此,该研究成果可以极大改善许多人的健康,节省数百万的英国国民健康保险。
英国糖尿病研究主任Iain Frame说人们不应在没有医生的认可和协助下进行类似节食。“我们欢迎该研究成果,因为它表明Ⅱ型糖尿病可以被治愈,如同没有副作用的成功手术。然而这种节食很难执行,英国糖尿病协会强烈建议此类治疗糖尿病的节食只能在医疗机构的监管下进行。尽管这只是很小规模的试验,我们期待更进一步的成果,特别是观察治愈效果是否能长时间持续下去。”
来自纽卡斯尔泰因河边斯托克费尔德的Gordon Parmley, 67岁,说当他发现视力模糊的时候意识到出了问题。他在打高尔夫球的时候眼睛不能聚焦。当六年前他被确诊为Ⅱ型糖尿病后一直在服药。
他说“当我的医生提到这个试验时我想我得试试,它可能会帮助我和其他糖尿病患者。我停止服用药物,改为一天三次的减肥餐和一些沙拉或蔬菜。但这是非常非常困难的,如果没有妻子的支持我难以坚持下去,她陪着我一起节食。一开始饥饿感很严重,我必须用其它事情来分散注意力——溜狗、打高尔夫或其它什么事来让自己忙起来,忘掉食物。在很短的时间内,我就减掉了令人吃惊的体重。试验结束后,我被告知我的胰岛素达到了正常水平,在患病六年后,我终于不再需要我的糖尿病药片了。直到18个月以后的今天,我还是没有再服用药物。这真是令人吃惊,仅靠节食——虽然这很困难——能够彻底改变我的健康状况。我有六年的糖尿病史,可以看出其中的区别。我感觉更好了,甚至打高尔夫球也更轻松了。”
糖尿病是不是终身疾病
低热量饮食有望治愈Ⅱ型糖尿病译者: xlht 原作者:Sarah Boseley 发表时间:2011-06-24浏览量:3105评论数:2挑错数:0 英国人研究发现两个月的严苛节食可治愈Ⅱ型糖尿病,推翻了Ⅱ型糖尿病将持续终生的定论。近日有科学家报道罹患与肥胖相关的Ⅱ型糖尿病多年的患者通过严苛节食的方式暂时得到治愈。纽卡斯尔大学的科学家称该发现推翻了Ⅱ型糖尿病将持续终生的假定。
英国大约250万人被确诊为糖尿病,其中大部分为Ⅱ型糖尿病,该数据在全世界范围内还在持续增长。虽然其病情可通过药物和注射胰岛素进行控制,但还是会缩短患者的生命。
纽卡斯尔大学的研究成果尽管是小范围的,也充分证实了通过节食而非药物治愈糖尿病是完全可能的。
有11个英国糖尿病患者参加了该研究项目。他们必须在两个月之内将每日摄取的热量削减到600卡路里。三个月后,11人中的7人摆脱了糖尿病。
“让患病数年的糖尿病人痊愈是非凡的成就——所需的不过是八周的节食,”领导该研究的纽卡斯尔大学教授罗伊·泰勒说。“这彻底改变了人们对Ⅱ型糖尿病的看法,以及我们对新确诊病人解释该疾病的方式。长期以来人们一直认为Ⅱ型糖尿病患者将带病终身并持续恶化,我们证明可以改变这种情况。”
通常认为Ⅱ型糖尿病由过高的血糖引起,多发于成年人。不同于Ⅰ型糖尿病(通常发生于身体无法正常制造胰岛素以将食物中摄取的葡萄糖转化为能量的儿童),Ⅱ型糖尿病与肥胖有着密切的关系,需要每天注射胰岛素。
该研究在美国糖尿病协会会议上发表,研究表明严苛的低热量节食,包括减肥饮料和不含淀粉的蔬菜,可以促使身体排除那些阻碍胰脏产生胰岛素的脂肪。
志愿者受到医学小组的密切监管,并与相同人数未接受特殊节食治疗的糖尿病患者进行对照。研究开展仅一周后,研究组的早餐前血糖就回到了正常水平,且核磁共振扫描显示其胰脏脂肪也达到正常水平,胰脏恢复了制造的胰岛素能力。
八周的节食后,志愿者们恢复了正常的饮食,但建议采取健康的食物和食量。对该组中的十人重新进行了检查,七人康复。
纽卡斯尔核磁共振中心主任泰勒发现那些曾经因为肥胖而做过胃绑扎手术或其它形式的减肥手术的人糖尿病出现了好转,这引发他产生了进行该项研究的想法。“令人吃惊的是手术后仅一周糖尿病的症状就消失了,这让人确信是手术本身带来的效果,体内激素被认为是其直接原因。这一点几乎是公认的了。”
泰勒认为可能是术后摄入热量的大幅度下降促使病情好转,并为验证该假设进行了研究,包括对胰脏进行核磁共振扫描以观察脂肪沉积的变化。
“我们相信这表明Ⅱ型糖尿病与体内的能量平衡密切相关,”泰勒说。“如果你摄入的能量超出你所燃烧的,那么超出的部分会形成脂肪积存在肝脏和胰脏,对一些人来说就会导致Ⅱ型糖尿病。下一步我们要研究为什么某些人比其他人更易得糖尿病。
他警告说只有少数约5%~10%的人能够承受如此严苛的节食来摆脱糖尿病。但即使如此,该研究成果可以极大改善许多人的健康,节省数百万的英国国民健康保险。
英国糖尿病研究主任Iain Frame说人们不应在没有医生的认可和协助下进行类似节食。“我们欢迎该研究成果,因为它表明Ⅱ型糖尿病可以被治愈,如同没有副作用的成功手术。然而这种节食很难执行,英国糖尿病协会强烈建议此类治疗糖尿病的节食只能在医疗机构的监管下进行。尽管这只是很小规模的试验,我们期待更进一步的成果,特别是观察治愈效果是否能长时间持续下去。”
来自纽卡斯尔泰因河边斯托克费尔德的Gordon Parmley, 67岁,说当他发现视力模糊的时候意识到出了问题。他在打高尔夫球的时候眼睛不能聚焦。当六年前他被确诊为Ⅱ型糖尿病后一直在服药。
他说“当我的医生提到这个试验时我想我得试试,它可能会帮助我和其他糖尿病患者。我停止服用药物,改为一天三次的减肥餐和一些沙拉或蔬菜。但这是非常非常困难的,如果没有妻子的支持我难以坚持下去,她陪着我一起节食。一开始饥饿感很严重,我必须用其它事情来分散注意力——溜狗、打高尔夫或其它什么事来让自己忙起来,忘掉食物。在很短的时间内,我就减掉了令人吃惊的体重。试验结束后,我被告知我的胰岛素达到了正常水平,在患病六年后,我终于不再需要我的糖尿病药片了。直到18个月以后的今天,我还是没有再服用药物。这真是令人吃惊,仅靠节食——虽然这很困难——能够彻底改变我的健康状况。我有六年的糖尿病史,可以看出其中的区别。我感觉更好了,甚至打高尔夫球也更轻松了。”